Archive for March, 2007

Wild Hogs

Friday, March 30th, 2007

I didn’t have much interest in seeing Wild Hogs, but it was funny and diverting fare, and sometimes that’s just what you need. Tim Allen plays a dentist stuck in a rut, William H. Macy is a computer programmer who’s both generally clumsy and especially awkward around women, Martin Lawrence is bossed around by not only his wife but also his daughter and mother, and John Travolta has lost his supermodel wife and million-dollar home. All are in need, they decide, of a road trip on their Harleys. The laughs come from sight-gags and the juxtaposition of four geeky middle-aged suburbanites with a cross-country motorcycle road trip. Feeling cool cruising down the open road one minute, the next they are feeling cold huddled under a plastic sheet for protection from the pouring rain. And of course there is the inevitable encounter with a gang of none-too-friendly bikers led by Ray Liotta. The earnestness of the four buddies and their naive hope in an open-road cure for their mid-life doldrums are endearing.

Now if you’ll excuse me I’ve gotta go check the motorcycle section of the classified ads.

Planet Earth

Thursday, March 29th, 2007

I spend work thinking about other planets, but I am quite fond of the Earth. I have to say that the first episode of Discovery Channel’s series Planet Earth was truly spectacular. It made me wish I had an HDTV. The first episode, “Pole to Pole”, focused on the effects of seasons and latitude on life. The narration by Sigourney Weaver was solid, factual, and informative without sounding like a lecture. The show was primarily a visual treat, though, and by making use of steady-cams mounted on helicopters in communication with ground crews, the producers put together some truly astounding footage of wildlife that is like nothing I’ve seen before.

Spiral Galaxies in Hickson 44

Sunday, March 25th, 2007

Images of clusters of galaxies never cease to inspire and amaze. The image below is of a relatively nearby cluster of galaxies called Hickson 44 and was taken by MASIL Astro Imaging with a 14.5-inch telescope, showing that you don’t need the space telescope to capture awe-inspiring images of the cosmos. Galaxies are distinguishable from stars in this image by the characteristic cross-like diffraction pattern produced by the point-source of stars. The individual stars, of course, are all within our own galaxy, the Milky Way (see below for a tangential anecdote about the Milky Way), which is a spiral galaxy like the three most prominent spiral galaxies toward the center of this image.

Hickson 44 cluster of galaxies
Image Credit and Copyright: MASIL Imaging Team. See also Astronomy Picture of the Day for a nice summary of the image.

The spiral structure of some galaxies (most other galaxies are “elliptical”, like the one in the upper left of this image) share the same basic physics of spiral density waves in Saturn’s rings. See here for an example of a spiral wave in the rings. The waves in the rings are wound up much more tightly than the spiral wave in a galaxy, which typically show only a couple of arms wrapped around only one or two times. In the case of the rings, the waves are caused by resonant interactions between ring particles and nearby moons. For galaxies, spiral waves can be produced by the irregular shape of the core of the galaxy, in effect acting sort-of like a giant moon interior to the arms of the galaxy.

So, the story with the Milky Way is this, and I think of it often to remind myself not to make assumptions about any class or group I’m addressing. I was talking to a fellow university student (many years ago) about galaxies and the structure of the universe, and I told the story of the origin of the name “Milky Way”. In Greek mythology, Hercules causes milk from his stepmother Hera’s (a god) breast to spill across the sky. When I told this story, the student looked at me in all seriousness and asked if I really believed that. This was at a mixer organized by the campus Baptist ministry, and the student was a member of that group. I was dumbstruck by the depth of his misconception of the scientific view of the universe.

300

Friday, March 23rd, 2007

Every drop of blood gets its own close-up in 300, the stylized war drama inspired by Frank Miller’s (Sin City) graphic novel account of the battle of Thermopylae. Directed by Zach Snyder, 300 has a high-contrast, saturated color palette of golds and reds. The battle scenes use the “bullet-time” of the Matrix movies and the freakish villains and bloody hand-to-hand fighting of the Lord of the Rings movies. But instead of bullets pausing in mid-flight to let agents avoid them, here it is splashes of blood from severed limbs. The effect makes watching the movie reminiscent of reading a graphic novel or comic book, where dramatic images are frozen, albeit briefly, on the screen. Visually, the movie becomes a series of artistically rendered images, like the frames of a comic book. Only these are animated images, with sound, and projected on the big screen. Enough of these images are visually striking enough to make the movie worth watching as a sort of visual picture book, regardless of how engaging one finds the storytelling.

Part of the modern appeal of the story, at least in America, must be how clear-cut and strategically simple were the terms of the war between the Greeks and the Persian army of Xerxes I in contrast to the so-called war the United States currently finds itself fighting. In 300 the bad guys are all gathered together in an endless sea of grotesque, murderous slave-soldiers who come at the good guys (300 Spartans and 700 Thespians (they only act like soldiers)) in a nice organized progression with the intent of killing all the men and enslaving all the women and children of Greece. If only al Qaeda would line up all together like that.

Gerard Butler plays King Leonidas of Sparta, a kingdom where all the men have hairless Bowflex torsos and the boys start training to be soldiers as soon as they can walk. The women of Sparta feel special because they give birth to such awesome fighters. As the group of 300 elite fighters heads off to delay the advancing Persian army, a voice over informs us that there is no place in Sparta for softness. This makes it sound like an interesting place to visit, like Mount Everest, but not particularly homey. His Queen, played by Lena Headey, tries to convince the recalcitrant city council to commit the full Spartan army, but the film is all about the battle at a narrow pass where the valiant and buff 300 of Sparta kill thousands of scary but inept Persians. Occasionally Xerxes, portrayed by Rodrigo Santoro as an 8-foot androgynous demigod, shows up to try to convince Leonidas to stop the fighting and become a big shot general in Xerxes’ army. Leonidas refuses, of course, on the grounds that Xerxes is creepy and has an unpronounceable name. And also that he is fighting for freedom - a sort of model of democracy in the middle east. Okay, I’m being flippant, but the movie is so over the top that it’s hard not to poke a little fun at it. Nevertheless, the visuals are excellent, and the underlying historical events are compelling.

This Film Is Not Yet Rated

Wednesday, March 21st, 2007

The second DVD in as many movie reviews, this time because the movie for all practical purposes could only be seen on home video anyway. As the title suggests, This Film Is Not Yet Rated has not been rated, meaning it will not be shown in most theater chains. Kirby Dick’s documentary sets out to explore and expose the ratings board of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), the secretive group of supposedly typical Americans who decide whether a movie gets a G, PG, PG-13, R, or NC-17 rating. The exploration of the ratings process, though, is stymied by the top secret nature of the ratings board. As a result, This Film Is Not Yet Rated ends up being primarily about the identity of the board members and only secondarily about how the process works. This is a shame, because I think it’s much more interesting to look at why vivisection gets a PG-13 and a naked woman gets an R. I would also like to hear about how movie ratings are handled in other countries. Instead, Dick is forced to hire a private investigator to try to identify the members of the ratings board and interview various directors whose films had to be re-edited as a result of the board’s initial ratings. Then he submits a preliminary version of this very film to the board so he can at least have some insight into the secretive process.

It is certainly easy to understand why movie ratings sometimes seem inconsistent after seeing this movie. Eight or nine raters screen movies and discuss what rating should be given, and then vote. The vote is not binding however, as the chair, Joan Graves, apparently can intercede and change the rating. Feedback to studio movies gives explicit guidance on what should be cut to ensure the desired rating, while independent movies get no such guidance and are forced to cut in the dark. At least this is the conclusion one draws from the anecdotal evidence of directors who have been involved in both types of movie. It is clearly a broken system, and it is one that is essentially impossible to penetrate, or even describe, as this movie shows. This is in large part because of the near-monopoly of the handful of companies that control all aspects of movie production and distribution, a fact that I frankly found more frightening than ratings system (if one can call it a system) itself.

Venus

Monday, March 19th, 2007

I’ve restricted my movie posts to movies I’ve seen in a theater up to this point, but because I haven’t been getting to the theater often lately and because this particular DVD is an advance “screener” for members of the Screen Actors Guild (membership has its privileges) and because I liked it, here it is.

Peter O’Toole earned his eighth Oscar nomination for his portrayal of senior actor Maurice Russell who gets a final whiff of youth through the daughter of his best friend’s niece in Venus. When Ian finds Jessie, whom he was expecting to cook and clean and generally tend to him, to be an unbearably loud and rude presence in his London flat, Maurice is delighted to take her off his hands. Jessie, thrust into the situation by an uncaring mother in the country and adrift in London, welcomes Maurice’s attention, if for nothing more than the company and change of scenery, at first. But it quickly grows into a more complex and symbiotic relationship. Maurice is not shocked by Jessie’s youthful behavior that Ian found so vulgar. Maurice is kind to her and at the same time makes no secret about his fruitless sexual longing for her. Faced with prostate cancer and, worse, an “old man smell”, there is never any doubt that his desire will only be satisfied by the caresses and glimpses that Jessie carefully rations to him.

When Maurice finds her work as a nude model for painters, she is reluctant to show any skin as long as he is in the room for the simple reason that he wants to see her. At the same time, she appreciates his desire and admiration for her; for a girl whose mother wished she’d never been born, it may well be the first time she’s experienced the kind of praise Maurice bestows on her. It is certainly the first time she’s been made to feel beautiful by someone who knows he doesn’t have a chance in hell of getting into bed with her. And it is not just her youthful beauty and sexuality that Maurice is drawn to. His existence has shrunk from former moderately famous actor to an ever-shrinking circle of friends, clipping Ian’s toenails, and the occasional role as a dying man. Jessie is not just young, for Maurice she is youth.

While Maurice rediscovers youth, or perhaps recaptures a bit of it, through Jessie, she matures into an adult through her friendship with him. O’Toole came home empty-handed once again from the Academy Awards, but both he and Jodie Whittaker as Jessie create a believable and touching relationship between two characters who superficially have nothing in common.

Ethanol Deal with Brazil

Wednesday, March 14th, 2007

The Bush Administration signed an agreement with Brazil (which also signed an agreement with Japan last week) on standardizing ethanol definitions and pledging an alliance on technological developments related to ethanol production. Combined, the U.S. and Brazil produce 70% of the world’s ethanol, with the U.S. producing about 18 billion liters per year and Brazil 17 billion. Brazil gets its ethanol from sugar cane and is able to do it cheaper than the U.S. To protect corn farmers, Brazilian ethanol has a 54 cent/gallon U.S. tariff at least through 2009. If the United States is to decrease gasoline consumption by 20% in ten years, a goal put forth by Bush earlier this year, that would require 132 billion liters of ethanol if there are not simultaneous savings through efficiency or using Hydrogen, for example. Even with Brazil’s current rate of expanding ethanol production of a new plant every month for the next six years, that only increases their number of plants by about 25%.

My favorite story on the signing of the cooperation agreement between Brazil and the U.S. is this one from ABC News Online, where, quoting Bush, they couldn’t resist the temptation to point out his misuse of English with the editorial “sic”:

“We all feel incumbent (sic) to be good stewards of the environment - and it just so happens that ethanol and biodiesel will help improve the quality of the environment in our respective companies and so I’m very much in favour of promoting the technologies that will allow ethanol an biodiesel to remain competitive,” he said.

I also liked Bush’s incisive grasp of the fundamentals of the problem exemplified in this statement: “As we diversify away from the use of gasolene by using ethanol we’re really diversifying away from oil.” Really! Gasoline comes from oil?

The spelling of gasoline above is the Australian spelling since this was quoted on the Australian ABC News Online web site.

Cassini Spots an Unusual Spoke

Friday, March 9th, 2007

This picture of a spoke with a sharp bend in it at the location of synchronous rotation (the place where particles orbit at exactly the same rate that Saturn, and its magnetic field, rotates) may help unravel the cause of these ghostly phenomena in Saturn’s rings. After Voyager returned the first images of spokes in 1981 scientists scrambled to explain these features that seemed to appear within a matter of minutes, were thousands of km long, and dissipated after only one orbit around Saturn. Their light-scattering properties (dark against the bright rings when seen with the Sun behind the camera, and bright against the dark rings with the Sun on the opposite side of the rings (like in the current Cassini viewing geometry)) tell us that the particles making up the spokes are “dust”. This generic term is a bit over-used in astronomy and the size of a dust particle depends on whom you’re talking to. In this context it means about 1 micron (1 millionth of a meter), or about the size of particles in cigarette smoke. Their radial orientation provided another clue to their origin. Saturn has a co-rotational electric field that points radially away from Saturn. Plop a positively charged particle near the rings and that electric field will push it radially away from Saturn. That and the fact that micron-sized particles are particularly susceptible to the electric force suggest that the formation of spokes has something to do with clouds of charged particles, plasma, being created in the rings. The standard model for nearly 25 years now has been that the plasma is created by a meteoroid smacking into the rings, vaporizing itself and a ring particle, and producing a cloud of plasma in the process. An alternative was proposed by Cassini scientist Geraint Jones and colleagues that has the plasma produced by electrons travelling along magnetic field lines to the rings from the tops of thunderstorms. A key element of their argument is the unusual shape of some spokes seen in Voyager images. Emily Lakdawalla at the Planetary Society blog has an extensive discussion of Jones’ model. The new spoke observed by Cassini has a sharp kink which is not easily explained by the meteoroid impact model. Whether the thunderstorm model can explain it will require observations that show spokes and thunderstorms simultaneously at the right location in Saturn’s atmosphere.

Pan’s Labyrinth

Tuesday, March 6th, 2007

Pan’s Labyrinth could have been subtitled “The Spanish Civil War”. In fact, despite the heavy attention paid to the surrealistic and frightening images of the fantasy underworld in the movie, it is primarily about the horrors of a very real war. Set in 1944, the last remnants of the communist resistance continue a futile fight against the fascist government somewhere in the remote mountains of Spain. 11-year-old Ofelia, and her mother, Carmen, a seamstress pregnant with the child of the sadistic Captain charged with eliminating the communist rebels, join the Captain in the remote camp of soldiers where Carmen is expected to bear the Captain a son.

To the Captain, Ofelia is a nuisance and Carmen is merely a vessel. His brutality pervades the camp and Ofelia longs to leave, but her mother is ill and has latched onto the Captain as a means of support and survival in post-war Spain. Ofelia becomes increasingly drawn into the bizarre fantasy underworld she is led to by fairies masquerading as praying mantises. Through an old abandoned stone labyrinth near the camp she enters a dark and damp underground world where a rather gruesome “fawn” (Pan, of the title) informs her that she is the long lost princess of the underground kingdom. To prove that she can shed the bonds of mortal surface living she must complete three dangerous tasks. As gruesome as these are, they pale in comparison to the murder and torture in the realm of men. Down below, Ofelia confronts a slimy three-foot toad with pluck and courage, while above captured soldiers are tortured and Carmen flirts with death and miscarriage. In spite of his frightening visage and generally suspicious nature, the fawn presents a clearly attractive alternative to life among people simply because it is not life among people.

Written and directed by Guillermo del Toro, Pan’s Labyrinth is visually fascinating and gripping storytelling. Ivana Baquero is convincing and endearing as Ofelia. Ultimately, though, I think the movie works better on a simple narrative level than it does as a metaphorical fable. Ofelia’s tasks have no particular significance in and of themselves, and the nature of the underworld kingdom is not developed enough to have a real character in comparison to mortal life on Earth. Still, this is a movie with powerful images that remains with you long after you leave the theater.

Coolest Image of Saturn’s Rings

Saturday, March 3rd, 2007

A decade ago I was using a science planning tool I helped develop to plan observations of Saturn’s rings with the Cassini spacecraft. The tool would show cartoon-like wireframe images of Saturn and its rings as seen from the predicted position of Cassini. They look like this:
Example view with CASPER planning tool.

It was with great anticipation that I viewed predictions of views of the rings from a perspective never before seen by humans: far above the plane of the rings. Saturn’s rotation axis is tilted about 27 degrees from its orbit, so from the perspective of the Earth, whose orbit is in nearly the same plane as Saturn’s (and also from the Voyager spacecraft that flew by it in the early 1980’s roughly in the mean plane of the solar system), the rings are never tilted toward us by more than about 27 degrees (the exact value depends on the precise relative inclination of the two planets’ orbits).

Yesterday the Cassini Imaging team released this stunning mosaic of Saturn’s rings. You have to check out the full version to really appreciate this image. Notice the irregularities along the outermost thin F ring, the moons nearby, the narrow gaps and fine ringlets. Truly spectacular.
PIA 08361 mosaic of Saturn's rings.
Image credit: NASA/JPL/SSI